Wild tamarind
Will it grow where I live?
Wild tamarind is not winter-hardy in Central Europe (zone 9): outdoors from spring to autumn only, otherwise a container plant overwintered frost-free. The summer heat it needs to ripen is out of reach outdoors in Central Europe – greenhouse or conservatory.
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Profile
- Family
- Fabaceae
- Habit
- Tree
- Height
- 10 m
- Spread
- 10 m
- Growth
- very fast
- Lifespan
- 15 years
- First yield
- after 3 years
- Yield in cultivation
- up to 2 t/ha
- Hardiness
- zone 9–12
- Shade tolerance
- full sun
- Soil
- Sand, Silt
- Soil moisture
- very dry – moist
- pH
- 5 – 8.5
- Synonyms
- Weißkopfmimose
Flowering & harvest
| J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flowering | ||||||||||||
| Fruit harvest |
Uses
Medicinal: The roasted seeds have a softening effect. Seeds against intestinal parasites. A decoction of root and bark has an abortive effect.
Other uses: Leucaena leucocephala is commonly used as a nitrogen-fixing tree in agroforestry systems, enhancing soil fertility. It serves as windbreak, livestock feed, and ground cover, contributing to soil erosion prevention. Gum is produced from the stems under unclear conditions of injuries and diseases or from sterile hybrids, especially Leucaena leucocephala x Leucaena esculenta. The gum has been analyzed and resembles gum arabic, holding potential commercial value. Red, brown, and black dyes are extracted from the pods, leaves, and bark. The dried seeds are often used for decoration. The heartwood is light reddish-brown, while the sapwood is pale yellow, with a medium texture and fine grain. The wood is strong, hard, and heavy (approximately 800 kg/m³) of medium density. It is easily workable for various carpentry purposes, drying without splintering or cracking. Lumber, mine props, furniture, and parquet floors are increasingly popular. However, the use of L. Leucocephala as lumber is greatly limited by its generally small size (usually not exceeding 30 cm in diameter), strong branching limiting the available length of the clear stem, often resulting in knotty wood, and high proportion of juvenile wood. Nevertheless, small-sized lumber is increasingly used in various industries, such as flooring, a category that L. Leucocephala could potentially join in the future. Poles are used to support bananas and as stakes for yam roots, pepper, and other vines. The use of L. Leucocephala for short rotation poles is restricted due to its poor durability and susceptibility to termite and wood borer infestation. The wood is typically processed for pulp production, utilizing its fibers for papermaking. The fiber values are similar to other tropical hardwoods, yielding paper with good printability but low tear and fold strength; pulp strength is higher than most hardwoods, with nearly 50% higher ring break. Its pulp properties are suitable for both paper and viscose production. Also used for particleboard production. An excellent firewood type with a specific weight of 0.45–0.55 and a high calorific value of 4600 kcal/kg. The wood burns evenly with little smoke, few sparks, and produces less than 1% ash. The tree yields excellent charcoal with a calorific value of 29 mJ/kg and good yield rates (25–30%). Adding ground wood to diesel engine fuel has been found not to contain harmful substances in the ash. 1. Nectar - Flowers rich in nectar and pollen: Yes - The small, cream-colored flowers of Leucaena leucocephala attract various pollinators due to their nectar and pollen content. 2. Wildlife - Food (fruits, seeds, leaf litter, shelter, nesting site, roosting site): Yes - The seeds of Leucaena serve as a food source for various animals, including birds and small mammals. The tree's dense foliage provides birds with shelter, nesting, and roosting sites. 3. Protection for Invertebrates (overwintering sites, leaf litter, ground cover): Yes - The rough bark and foliage of Leucaena provide protection for invertebrates. The foliage contributes to the ecosystem by creating a habitat for insects and other small organisms. 4. Pest Confuser (smell): No - Leucaena leucocephala does not have a specific smell that could confuse pests.
Growing
Eine Pflanze der Tropen, die in Höhen bis zu 1.500 Metern gedeiht, gelegentlich bis zu 2.100 Metern. Sie wächst am besten bei einer mittleren Jahrestemperatur im Bereich von 25 - 30°C und einer mittleren Jahresniederschlagsmenge von 650 - 3.000 mm. Für optimales Wachstum ist sie auf Gebiete 15 - 25° nördlich oder südlich des Äquators beschränkt. Sie wachsen nur gut in subhumidem oder feuchtem Klima mit gemäßigten Trockenzeiten von bis zu 6 - 7 Monaten. Bevorzugt gut durchlässigen Boden in voller Sonne. Tolerant gegenüber einer Reihe von Böden, darunter Kalkstein, nasse und trockene Böden, Böden vulkanischen Ursprungs und solche mit mittlerem Salzgehalt. Bevorzugt einen pH-Wert im Bereich von 6 - 7,7, verträgt aber 5 - 8,5. Die Pflanzen sind sehr widerstandsfähig gegenüber Dürre und salzhaltigem Wind. L. Leucocephala ssp leucocephala besiedelt Ruderalstandorte und sekundäre oder gestörte Vegetation aggressiv. Dies wird auf ihre begonnene ganzjährige Blüte und Fruchtbildung, ihre reiche Samenproduktion, ihre Selbstfruchtbarkeit, ihre harte Samenschale und ihre Fähigkeit zum Wiederaustrieb nach Feuer oder Schnitt zurückgeführt. Mittlerweile ist sie in vielen Gebieten eingebürgert und wächst dort als Unkraut, beispielsweise in offenen (oft küstennahen) Habitaten, halbnatürlichen, gestörten, degradierten Habitaten, anderen Ruderalstandorten und gelegentlich auch auf landwirtschaftlichen Flächen, wo sie als Schattenbaum über Kakao gepflanzt wurde. Die Pflanzen haben tiefe Wurzeln. Sie reagieren gut auf Stockausschlag und bilden bald dichten Nachwuchs. Sie verträgt schnelle Brände und kann nach langsamerem Abbrennen der Krone nachwachsen. Diese Art lebt in Symbiose mit bestimmten Bodenbakterien. Diese Bakterien bilden Knöllchen an den Wurzeln und binden atmosphärischen Stickstoff. Ein Teil dieses Stickstoffs wird von der wachsenden Pflanze selbst genutzt, ein anderer Teil kann aber auch von anderen Pflanzen in der Nähe genutzt werden. Blütezeit: Ganzjährig. Blütenfarbe: Creme/Hellbraun. Abstand: 3,6–4,7 m. Leucaena leucocephala ist selbstfruchtbar und kann ohne Fremdbestäubung Samen bilden. Leucaena leucocephala ist ein schnell wachsender Baum, der je nach Umweltbedingungen oft innerhalb von 2 bis 5 Jahren ausgewachsen ist.
Propagation
Soaking seeds in warm water for 24 hours before sowing in containers is recommended. Seed treatment methods include soaking in hot water for 2 minutes or nicking the seed coat at the distal end with a sharp tool. Achieving a germination rate of 50-80% within 8 days is possible. Propagation through semi-hardwood cuttings has been successful in a few locations, possibly due to critical environmental conditions or systemic fungal infection. The use of bare-root cuttings has proven effective in Indonesia, Taiwan, and Thailand.
Notable
Besonderheiten: Wächst auf bis zu 2000m Höhe in 2-3 Jahren bis zu 6m; Liebt 25 - 30 °C JahresØ & ~Jahresniederschlag von 650-3.000 mm, bei Trockenzeiten von 6-7 Monaten. Verträgt Trockenheit, salzige Winde, Feuer (Neuaustrieb); Lässt sich zu einer Hecken- wand flechten; Chop & Drop / KUP für Mulch (bis 30t Grünmasse & 30–60 m³ Holz-/ha/a), Tierfutter oder Brennholz: 1.700 kWh/rm;
Origin & habitat
Central America, north to Mexico.
Thickets, gullies, and inclines at altitudes ranging from 800 to 4500 meters in western China.
⚠️ Hazards
Toxicity: toxic
The leaves of most forms of this plant contain the unusual amino acid mimosas. In large quantities, this can be harmful. There are varieties with low mimosa content.
Frequently asked questions
Wild tamarind: how big does it get?
Wild tamarind (Leucaena leucocephala) grows as a Tree and reaches roughly 10 m in height when mature, with a spread of about 10 m. Growth is very fast.
Wild tamarind: what site does it need?
Wild tamarind tolerates full sun. Suitable soils are Sand, Silt. Soil moisture should be in the range very dry – moist. The pH may lie between 5 and 8.5.
Wild tamarind: is it hardy?
Wild tamarind is listed as hardy in zone 9–12 and survives normal winters outdoors there.
Wild tamarind: will it grow in Central Europe?
Wild tamarind is not winter-hardy in Central Europe (zone 9): outdoors from spring to autumn only, otherwise a container plant overwintered frost-free. The summer heat it needs to ripen is out of reach outdoors in Central Europe – greenhouse or conservatory.
Wild tamarind: when does it flower?
In a temperate northern-hemisphere climate it flowers in June.
Wild tamarind: when is it harvested?
In a temperate northern-hemisphere climate the fruit ripens in September.
Wild tamarind: when does it start cropping, and how much?
Wild tamarind first crops after 3 years. In cultivation, up to 2 t per hectare is typical. Figures assume a good site; variety, soil and climate shift them considerably.
Wild tamarind: is it poisonous?
Wild tamarind is classified as toxic. With wild plants, never rely on a database alone — only on a confident identification.
Wild tamarind: what is it used for?
Rated on a scale up to 10: Edible 6/10, Medicinal 1/10, Other uses 9/10.
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