Manna ash
Profile
- Family
- Oleaceae
- Habit
- Tree
- Height
- 9.5 m
- Spread
- 6 m
- Growth
- fast
- Lifespan
- 130 years
- First yield
- after 6 years
- Hardiness
- zone 7–9
- Shade tolerance
- full sun
- Soil
- Sand, Silt, Loam
- Soil moisture
- very dry – very moist
- pH
- 6.5 – 8.5
- Synonyms
- Ornus europaea, Blumen-Esche, Schmuck-Esche
Flowering & harvest
| J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flowering | ||||||||||||
| Fruit harvest |
Uses
Edible: Manna – ein süßes Exsudat wird durch Einschneiden aus den Stämmen gewonnen. Die oberen Stämme haben eine bessere Qualität. Der Geschmack ist mild süß. Hauptsächlich wird es als mildes und schonendes Abführmittel verwendet. Es wird aber auch als Süßungsmittel in zuckerfreien Zubereitungen und als Trennmittel verwendet. Der Baumstamm muss einen Durchmesser von mindestens 8 cm haben, bevor das Manna geerntet werden kann. Im Sommer, wenn der Baum nicht mehr viele neue Blätter bildet, werden mehrere vertikale, schräge Einschnitte in den Stamm gemacht. Von Juli bis Ende September wird täglich ein Schnitt gemacht. Aus diesem Schnitt tritt eine weiße, klebrige Flüssigkeit aus, die aushärtet und dann geerntet wird. Für eine gute Ernte ist trockenes und warmes Wetter unabdingbar. Der Baum wird neun Jahre in Folge abgeerntet, was ihn erschöpft hat. Dieser wird dann abgeschnitten, sodass ein Trieb nachwächst. Es dauert 4 bis 5 Jahre, bis dieser Trieb produktiv wird. Durchschnittliche Erträge von 6 Kilo Manna höchster Qualität pro Hektar sowie 80 Kilo Manna verschiedener Sorten werden erzielt.
Medicinal: The manna extracted from the tree trunk has a gentle laxative and strengthening effect. It is particularly beneficial for children and pregnant women. Its effects are usually very mild but can sometimes cause bloating and pain.
Other uses: Mannitol is of some significance as a sugar substitute for diabetics because it is metabolized independently of insulin. It is also used as a filler and binder for tablets. Mannitol is primarily produced today through the hydrogenation of glucose or invert sugar.
Growing
Thrives in a deep loamy soil, preferably rich, and can tolerate heavy soil. It can grow in exposed areas and alkaline soils. Some sources suggest it prefers moist soil, while others indicate it can also thrive in drier conditions. The plant is resilient to air pollution. While the dormant plant is cold-resistant, the young spring growth is vulnerable to frost, especially in the morning sun. The manna ash, known for its ornamental value, is grown for its edible manna in Sicily and Calabria. Its sweetly scented flowers add to its appeal. The trees have a dense canopy. They are dioecious, requiring both male and female plants for seed production.
Propagation
Harvest the seed when it is green, fully developed but not yet fully dried on the tree. It can be immediately sown in a cold frame. The seed typically germinates in spring. For stored seed, cold stratification is necessary, and it is best to sow it promptly in a cold frame. Transfer the seedlings to individual pots when they are big enough and let them grow in a cold frame during their first winter. Plant them in their permanent spots or a nursery bed in late spring or early summer of the next year. If you have enough seed, you can sow it directly in an outdoor seedbed, preferably in autumn. Let the seedlings grow in the seedbed for 2 years before moving them to their permanent spots or nursery beds.
Origin & habitat
Southern Europe to Western Asia.
Shores and dense vegetation. Found near water bodies and damp areas, at elevations ranging from 450 to 2700 meters.
⚠️ Hazards
Toxicity: slightly toxic
Contact with sap has led to skin or systemic allergic reactions in certain individuals.
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